phthalates-iron

=__PHTHALATES __=

**Do you use nail polish? Do you wear perfume? Do you use detergent? Does your child use a teether or has a rattle? **
 If you have answered yes to the few of the many questions that could be asked, you and or your child may be in danger. Hazardous chemicals such as phthalates have been found in these products. ** PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUCMENT ** media type="youtube" key="EuxHretj0cs" height="296" width="441" __**-ABSTRACT**__   Phthalates or sometimes reffered to as phthalate esters, are organic compounds of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticziers. Plasticziers are substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility. The chemical can be added to concrete mixtures to improve the workability with placity. Phthalates were were first produced in the 1920s. Since 1950 they have been produced in large quantities because of PVC.  **Human health implications and how they get inside your body** Since Phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled scientist have found out in animal studies that Phthalates can damage the liver, kidneys, lungs reproductive systems, endocrine disruption,organ damage, immune suppression, and cancer. Scientists in the U.S. and Canada concluded that exposure to the chemical could cause large amounts of health and reproductive problems in the citizen.5% percent of women between age 20 and 40 had up to 45 times more phthalates in their bodies than scienctist had initially questioned. Specific process:-chemical reactions within the body.-probable human carcinogens which causes cancer of the liver and target the reproductive system through the testicles. **What we think** My partner and I believe that phthalates should be banded because they can lead to serious danger despite the benefit of placidity. Phthalates should be replaced with something that has the same benefits but is less harmful to the environment and humans. Therefore, in the future people will not have problems from everyday products that help them early in life and later hurt them. = =
 * What Are Phthalates?**


===<span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);"> __<span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);"><span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-Background ** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> __===

<span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);">
<span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);"> General chemical structure of phthalates. R and R' = CnH2n+1; n = 4-15 <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(244, 21, 134);">**What are they found in?** Phthalates are used in glues, building materials detergents, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">plastic objects, paints, printing inks, pharmaceuticals,, personal care products, and food products. Phthalates are also commonly found in bath toys, books, teethers, bibs, dolls and plastic figures. Therefore, infants are overly exposed to this chemical.It is also found in medicine as of 2008 by the U.S National Research Council. However, most people in the U.S have been overly exposed to the chemical and test results that show they have phthalates in our urine. Phthalates can be <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">absorbed through the mouth or skin, interfering with reproductive hormones. Phthalates are used by mainly used by manufactures in the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">United States and Europe. Today they are being <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">avoided and taken out of products in the U.S.
 * What does it look like?**
 * <span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);">How does the phthalates get inside our body? **
 * <span style="color: rgb(244, 21, 134);">Where are they used? **

__**-Synthesis/Production**__
Produced by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol Like other anhydrides, The process begins with the reaction of phthalic anhydride with alcohols gives these esters. Examples: C6H4(CO)2O + ROH → C6H4(CO2H)CO2R C6H4(CH3)2 + 3 O2 → C6H4(CO)2O + 3 H2O C10H8 + 4.5 O2 → C6H4(CO)2O + 2 H2O + 2CO

__**-Environmental implications**__
A US federal law was passed in 2008 banning use of some phthalates in children's toys. Phthalates are being replaced by DINCH and citrate-based plasticizers. Europe is leading the race of banning phthalates, they have banned 6 from children’s toys, and though six are only allowed to be concentrated at 0.01% of the plasticizers in any other plastic substance, and are planning to ban an additional 3 more. As phthalates are banned there will be an absence of some plastic based products on the market for a temporary amount of time, though they would eventually begin to be produced again.